Preemptive use of anti-inflammatories and analgesics in oral surgery: a review of systematic reviews.

Objectives: This review of systematic reviews evaluated the effectiveness and safety of the preemptive use of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs in the management of postoperative pain, edema, and trismus in oral surgery. Materials and methods: The databases searched included the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Epistemonikos, Scopus, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library, up to March 2023. Pairs of reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted the data, and rated their methodological quality using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Results: All of the 19 studies reviewed had at least two critical methodological flaws. Third molar surgery was the most common procedure (n = 15) and the oral route the most frequent approach (n = 14). The use of betamethasone (10, 20, and 60 mg), dexamethasone (4 and 8 mg), methylprednisolone (16, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 125 mg), and prednisolone (10 and 20 mg) by different routes and likewise of celecoxib (200 mg), diclofenac (25, 30, 50, 75, and 100 mg), etoricoxib (120 mg), ibuprofen (400 and 600 mg), ketorolac (30 mg), meloxicam (7.5, 10, and 15 mg), nimesulide (100 mg), and rofecoxib (50 mg) administered by oral, intramuscular, and intravenous routes were found to reduce pain, edema, and trismus in patients undergoing third molar surgery. Data on adverse effects were poorly reported. Conclusion: Further randomized clinical trials should be conducted to confirm these findings, given the wide variety of drugs, doses, and routes of administration used.

ABCDE and ABCDEF care bundles: A systematic review of the implementation process in intensive care units.

BACKGROUND: The ABCDE (Awakening and Breathing Coordination of daily sedation and ventilator removal trials, Delirium monitoring and management, and Early mobility and exercise) and ABCDEF (Assessment, prevent and manage pain, Both spontaneous awakening and spontaneous breathing trials, Choice of analgesia and sedation, assess, prevent and manage Delirium, Early mobility and exercise, Family engagement) care bundles consist of small sets of evidence-based interventions and are part of the science behind Intensive Care Unit (ICU) liberation. This review sought to analyse the process of implementation of ABCDE and ABCDEF care bundles in ICUs, identifying barriers, facilitators and changes in perception and attitudes of healthcare professionals; and to estimate care bundle effectiveness and safety. METHODS: We selected qualitative and quantitative studies addressing the implementation of ABCDE and ABCDEF bundles in the ICU, identified on MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Epistemonikos, PsycINFO, Virtual Health Library and Open Grey, without restriction on language or date of publication, up to June 2018. The outcomes measured were ICU and hospital length of stay; mechanical ventilation time; incidence and prevalence of delirium or coma; level of agitation and sedation; early mobilization; mortality in ICU and hospital; change in perception, attitude or behaviour of the stakeholders; and change in knowledge of health professionals. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, performed data extraction, and assessed risk of bias and methodological quality. A meta-analysis of random effects was performed. RESULTS: Twenty studies were included, 13 of which had a predominantly qualitative and 7 a quantitative design (31,604 participants). The implementation strategies were categorized according to the taxonomy developed by the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care Group and eighty strategies were identified. The meta-analysis results showed that implementation of the bundles may reduce length of ICU stay, mechanical ventilation time, delirium, ICU and hospital mortality, and promoted early mobilization in critically-ill patients. CONCLUSIONS: : This study can contribute to the planning and execution of the implementation process of ABCDE and ABCDEF care bundles in ICUs. However, the effectiveness and safety of these bundles need to be corroborated by further studies with greater methodological rigor. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42019121307.

[Mobile technologies in healthcare: reflections on development, application, legal aspects, and ethicsTecnologías sanitarias móviles: reflexiones sobre desarrollo, aplicación, legislación y ética]. / Tecnologias móveis em saúde: reflexões sobre desenvolvimento, aplicações, legislação e ética.

The association between fast-growing mobile technologies and increasingly more mobile devices has allowed the introduction of virtual environments into daily activities. That includes the health care domain, where concepts such telemedicine, telehealth, eHealth, and mHealth have emerged. In addition to presenting these new concepts, this article aims to discuss the advancements and challenges of mobile health technologies stemming from considerations regarding development, application, legal aspects, and ethics. Because of their innovative nature, mobile health technologies entail the engagement of many actors in the journey to reach end users, covering conception, technical development, sanitary regulations, and design of clinical guidelines, having raised a great deal or interest in terms of monitoring and care across a variety of clinical conditions. However, assessment of the effectiveness and safety of mobile health technologies does not seem to involve the same methodological rigor imposed for clinical trials of drugs and other health products; still, the enthusiasm produced by this innovation counters some of the regulatory and ethics concerns relating to data protection, privacy, access to mobile devices, and technological or social inequality. Despite possible limitations, mobile technologies, as well as other telehealth resources, have produced promising results. Digital healthcare has great potential for expansion and represents an opportunity for the review of traditional practices with selection of mobile technologies for incorporation into the health care system whenever evidence-based benefits are verified.

El avance de las tecnologías móviles, junto con la creciente movilidad de los dispositivos, permitió incorporar el entorno virtual a diversas actividades cotidianas, incluso en el ámbito de la salud, al introducir conceptos como telemedicina, telesalud, eSalud y mSalud. Además de presentar estos nuevos conceptos, en el presente artículo se pretende debatir los avances y desafíos de las tecnologías sanitarias móviles a partir de reflexiones sobre el desarrollo, las aplicaciones, la legislación y la ética. Por su carácter innovador, las tecnologías sanitarias móviles llevan a muchos actores a recorrer el camino conducente al usuario final, centrándose en el diseño, el desarrollo técnico, la regulación sanitaria y la elaboración de directrices clínicas; además, han despertado un gran interés para fines de seguimiento y atención en diferentes condiciones clínicas. Sin embargo, al evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de las tecnologías sanitarias móviles no se observa el mismo rigor metodológico exigido en los ensayos clínicos de medicamentos y otros productos sanitarios, y el entusiasmo por la innovación se contrapone a las preocupaciones reguladoras y éticas relacionadas con la protección de datos, la privacidad, el acceso a los dispositivos móviles y las disparidades tecnológicas y sociales. A pesar de las posibles limitaciones, las tecnologías móviles, así como otros recursos de telesalud, han dado resultados prometedores. La atención digital en el ámbito de la salud tiene un gran potencial de expansión y representa una oportunidad para revisar las prácticas tradicionales de salud a partir de la selección e incorporación de las tecnologías móviles a los sistemas de salud, siempre que se registren beneficios basados en la mejor evidencia.

Tecnologias móveis em saúde: reflexões sobre desenvolvimento, aplicações, legislação e ética

[RESUMO]. O avanço das tecnologias móveis, associado à mobilidade crescente dos dispositivos, permitiu a incorporação do ambiente virtual a diversas atividades cotidianas, inclusive no âmbito da saúde, introduzindo conceitos como telemedicina, telessaúde, eHealth e mHealth. Além de apresentar esses novos conceitos, o presente artigo teve como objetivo discutir os avanços e os desafios das tecnologias móveis em saúde a partir de reflexões sobre desenvolvimento, aplicações, legislação e ética. Por seu caráter inovador, as tecnologias móveis em saúde envolvem muitos atores na jornada até o usuário final, focados na concepção, desenvolvimento técnico, regulação sanitária e elaboração de diretrizes clínicas, e têm despertado grande interesse para fins de monitoramento e cuidados em diferentes condições clínicas. Entretanto, na avaliação da efetividade e da segurança das tecnologias móveis em saúde, não se observa o mesmo rigor metodológico exigido para ensaios clínicos de medicamentos e outros produtos de saúde; ainda, o entusiasmo pela inovação se contrapõe às preocupações regulatórias e éticas relacionadas à proteção de dados, à privacidade, ao acesso aos dispositivos móveis e às disparidades tecnológicas e sociais. Apesar das possíveis limitações, as tecnologias móveis, assim como outros recursos da telessaúde, têm alcançado resultados promissores. A atenção digital em saúde tem grande potencial de expansão e representa uma oportunidade para que as práticas tradicionais de saúde sejam revisadas a partir da seleção e da incorporação das tecnologias móveis aos sistemas de saúde, sempre que sejam observados benefícios embasados nas melhores evidências.

[ABSTRACT]. The association between fast-growing mobile technologies and increasingly more mobile devices has allowed the introduction of virtual environments into daily activities. That includes the health care domain, where concepts such telemedicine, telehealth, eHealth, and mHealth have emerged. In addition to presenting these new concepts, this article aims to discuss the advancements and challenges of mobile health technologies stemming from considerations regarding development, application, legal aspects, and ethics. Because of their innovative nature, mobile health technologies entail the engagement of many actors in the journey to reach end users, covering conception, technical development, sanitary regulations, and design of clinical guidelines, having raised a great deal or interest in terms of monitoring and care across a variety of clinical conditions. However, assessment of the effectiveness and safety of mobile health technologies does not seem to involve the same methodological rigor imposed for clinical trials of drugs and other health products; still, the enthusiasm produced by this innovation counters some of the regulatory and ethics concerns relating to data protection, privacy, access to mobile devices, and technological or social inequality. Despite possible limitations, mobile technologies, as well as other telehealth resources, have produced promising results. Digital healthcare has great potential for expansion and represents an opportunity for the review of traditional practices with selection of mobile technologies for incorporation into the health care system whenever evidence- based benefits are verified.

[RESUMEN]. El avance de las tecnologías móviles, junto con la creciente movilidad de los dispositivos, permitió incorporar el entorno virtual a diversas actividades cotidianas, incluso en el ámbito de la salud, al introducir conceptos como telemedicina, telesalud, eSalud y mSalud. Además de presentar estos nuevos conceptos, en el presente artículo se pretende debatir los avances y desafíos de las tecnologías sanitarias móviles a partir de reflexiones sobre el desarrollo, las aplicaciones, la legislación y la ética. Por su carácter innovador, las tecnologías sanitarias móviles llevan a muchos actores a recorrer el camino conducente al usuario final, centrándose en el diseño, el desarrollo técnico, la regulación sanitaria y la elaboración de directrices clínicas; además, han despertado un gran interés para fines de seguimiento y atención en diferentes condiciones clínicas. Sin embargo, al evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de las tecnologías sanitarias móviles no se observa el mismo rigor metodológico exigido en los ensayos clínicos de medicamentos y otros productos sanitarios, y el entusiasmo por la innovación se contrapone a las preocupaciones reguladoras y éticas relacionadas con la protección de datos, la privacidad, el acceso a los dispositivos móviles y las disparidades tecnológicas y sociales. A pesar de las posibles limitaciones, las tecnologías móviles, así como otros recursos de telesalud, han dado resultados prometedores. La atención digital en el ámbito de la salud tiene un gran potencial de expansión y representa una oportunidad para revisar las prácticas tradicionales de salud a partir de la selección e incorporación de las tecnologías móviles a los sistemas de salud, siempre que se registren beneficios basados en la mejor evidencia.

Tecnologias móveis em saúde: reflexões sobre desenvolvimento, aplicações, legislação e ética / Mobile technologies in healthcare: reflections on development, application, legal aspects, and ethics / Tecnologías sanitarias móviles: reflexiones sobre desarrollo, aplicación, legislación y ética

RESUMO O avanço das tecnologias móveis, associado à mobilidade crescente dos dispositivos, permitiu a incorporação do ambiente virtual a diversas atividades cotidianas, inclusive no âmbito da saúde, introduzindo conceitos como telemedicina, telessaúde, eHealth e mHealth. Além de apresentar esses novos conceitos, o presente artigo teve como objetivo discutir os avanços e os desafios das tecnologias móveis em saúde a partir de reflexões sobre desenvolvimento, aplicações, legislação e ética. Por seu caráter inovador, as tecnologias móveis em saúde envolvem muitos atores na jornada até o usuário final, focados na concepção, desenvolvimento técnico, regulação sanitária e elaboração de diretrizes clínicas, e têm despertado grande interesse para fins de monitoramento e cuidados em diferentes condições clínicas. Entretanto, na avaliação da efetividade e da segurança das tecnologias móveis em saúde, não se observa o mesmo rigor metodológico exigido para ensaios clínicos de medicamentos e outros produtos de saúde; ainda, o entusiasmo pela inovação se contrapõe às preocupações regulatórias e éticas relacionadas à proteção de dados, à privacidade, ao acesso aos dispositivos móveis e às disparidades tecnológicas e sociais. Apesar das possíveis limitações, as tecnologias móveis, assim como outros recursos da telessaúde, têm alcançado resultados promissores. A atenção digital em saúde tem grande potencial de expansão e representa uma oportunidade para que as práticas tradicionais de saúde sejam revisadas a partir da seleção e da incorporação das tecnologias móveis aos sistemas de saúde, sempre que sejam observados benefícios embasados nas melhores evidências.

ABSTRACT The association between fast-growing mobile technologies and increasingly more mobile devices has allowed the introduction of virtual environments into daily activities. That includes the health care domain, where concepts such telemedicine, telehealth, eHealth, and mHealth have emerged. In addition to presenting these new concepts, this article aims to discuss the advancements and challenges of mobile health technologies stemming from considerations regarding development, application, legal aspects, and ethics. Because of their innovative nature, mobile health technologies entail the engagement of many actors in the journey to reach end users, covering conception, technical development, sanitary regulations, and design of clinical guidelines, having raised a great deal or interest in terms of monitoring and care across a variety of clinical conditions. However, assessment of the effectiveness and safety of mobile health technologies does not seem to involve the same methodological rigor imposed for clinical trials of drugs and other health products; still, the enthusiasm produced by this innovation counters some of the regulatory and ethics concerns relating to data protection, privacy, access to mobile devices, and technological or social inequality. Despite possible limitations, mobile technologies, as well as other telehealth resources, have produced promising results. Digital healthcare has great potential for expansion and represents an opportunity for the review of traditional practices with selection of mobile technologies for incorporation into the health care system whenever evidence-based benefits are verified.

RESUMEN El avance de las tecnologías móviles, junto con la creciente movilidad de los dispositivos, permitió incorporar el entorno virtual a diversas actividades cotidianas, incluso en el ámbito de la salud, al introducir conceptos como telemedicina, telesalud, eSalud y mSalud. Además de presentar estos nuevos conceptos, en el presente artículo se pretende debatir los avances y desafíos de las tecnologías sanitarias móviles a partir de reflexiones sobre el desarrollo, las aplicaciones, la legislación y la ética. Por su carácter innovador, las tecnologías sanitarias móviles llevan a muchos actores a recorrer el camino conducente al usuario final, centrándose en el diseño, el desarrollo técnico, la regulación sanitaria y la elaboración de directrices clínicas; además, han despertado un gran interés para fines de seguimiento y atención en diferentes condiciones clínicas. Sin embargo, al evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de las tecnologías sanitarias móviles no se observa el mismo rigor metodológico exigido en los ensayos clínicos de medicamentos y otros productos sanitarios, y el entusiasmo por la innovación se contrapone a las preocupaciones reguladoras y éticas relacionadas con la protección de datos, la privacidad, el acceso a los dispositivos móviles y las disparidades tecnológicas y sociales. A pesar de las posibles limitaciones, las tecnologías móviles, así como otros recursos de telesalud, han dado resultados prometedores. La atención digital en el ámbito de la salud tiene un gran potencial de expansión y representa una oportunidad para revisar las prácticas tradicionales de salud a partir de la selección e incorporación de las tecnologías móviles a los sistemas de salud, siempre que se registren beneficios basados en la mejor evidencia.

ABCDE and ABCDEF care bundles: A systematic review protocol of the implementation process in intensive care units.

BACKGROUND: The awakening and breathing coordination of daily sedation and ventilator removal trials, delirium monitoring and management, and early mobility and exercise (ABCDE) and assessment, prevent and manage pain, both spontaneous awakening and spontaneous breathing trials, choice of analgesia and sedation, assess, prevent and manage delirium, early mobility and exercise, family engagement (ABCDEF) bundles are part of the science of the liberation of the intensive care unit (ICU). There are not enough studies that have evaluated the effectiveness and safety of the implementation of these bundles. This study will analyze the implementation process, estimate their effectiveness and safety, and identify barriers, facilitators and attitudes that have influenced the implementation process. METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative studies will be eligible for our systematic review with adult patients who have been exposed to the implementation of the ABCDE or ABCDEF bundles compared to the usual care in the ICU. In order to search the implementation interventions of the bundles, we will search electronically: MEDLINE (PubMed); Excerpta Medica Database (Ovid); Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (EBSCO); The Cochrane Library (Wiley); Web of Science; Virtual Health Library; and OpenGrey. We will not impose any language restrictions or publication status. Outcomes of interest include ICU and hospital length of stay; mechanical ventilation time; incidence and prevalence of delirium or coma; level of agitation and sedation; early mobilization; mortality in ICU and hospital; change in perception, attitude or behavior of the stakeholders; and change in knowledge of health professionals. The team of reviewers will independently screen search results, extract data from eligible studies, and assess risk of bias. Disagreements between the reviewers will be solved through consensus or arbitration by a third-party investigator. To assess the quality and risk of bias in randomized and quasi-randomized trials we will use the domain-based evaluation recommended by The Cochrane Handbook. Studies with other methodological designs will be evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Tools developed by The Joanna Briggs Institute. Other instruments may be used, if necessary. RESULTS: The evidence derived from this study will increase the knowledge of effectiveness and safety of the implementation process of ABCDE and ABCDEF bundles. CONCLUSION: The results could guide patients and healthcare practitioners by helping to facilitate evidence-based shared care decision making. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42019121307.

Interventions to reduce the prescription of inappropriate medicines in older patients.

OBJECTIVE: Identify and critically evaluate systematic reviews addressing the effectiveness of interventions to reduce the number of prescriptions of potentially inappropriate medication to older patients. METHODS: This is an overview of systematic reviews. The studies were searched and selected from Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, Virtual Health Library, and Web of Science databases, combining the terms aged, prescriptions, inappropriate prescribing and potentially inappropriate medication list with their entry terms and other related descriptors, published by June 2017. This study included systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis that addressed the effectiveness of any intervention or combined interventions to reduce the number of prescriptions of potentially inappropriate medications to older patients, without restriction in terms of design, language or date of publication of primary studies. AMSTAR - A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews - was used to evaluate the methodological quality of selected systematic reviews. Study selection and the methodological quality evaluation were performed by two independent evaluators, who resolved any divergence by consensus. The main findings were grouped into thematic categories, defined after a content analysis and discussed qualitatively as narrative synthesis. RESULTS: This study analyzed 24 systematic reviews. In terms of study design and methodological quality evaluation, most were systematic reviews of randomized controlled clinical trials and studies of moderate quality, respectively. The interventions were analyzed in five thematic categories: medication review services, pharmaceutical interventions, computerized systems, educational interventions, and others. The interventions analyzed showed good results and most of them helped reduce the number of prescriptions of potentially inappropriate medication to older patients. CONCLUSIONS: The systematic reviews included in this overview showed potential benefits of different interventions. However, it was not possible to determine the most effective intervention. Combined interventions are likely to provide better results than isolated interventions.

Interventions to reduce the prescription of inappropriate medicines in older patients / Intervenções para reduzir a prescrição de medicamentos inapropriados para idosos

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Identify and critically evaluate systematic reviews addressing the effectiveness of interventions to reduce the number of prescriptions of potentially inappropriate medication to older patients. METHODS: This is an overview of systematic reviews. The studies were searched and selected from Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, Virtual Health Library, and Web of Science databases, combining the terms aged, prescriptions, inappropriate prescribing and potentially inappropriate medication list with their entry terms and other related descriptors, published by June 2017. This study included systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis that addressed the effectiveness of any intervention or combined interventions to reduce the number of prescriptions of potentially inappropriate medications to older patients, without restriction in terms of design, language or date of publication of primary studies. AMSTAR - A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews - was used to evaluate the methodological quality of selected systematic reviews. Study selection and the methodological quality evaluation were performed by two independent evaluators, who resolved any divergence by consensus. The main findings were grouped into thematic categories, defined after a content analysis and discussed qualitatively as narrative synthesis. RESULTS: This study analyzed 24 systematic reviews. In terms of study design and methodological quality evaluation, most were systematic reviews of randomized controlled clinical trials and studies of moderate quality, respectively. The interventions were analyzed in five thematic categories: medication review services, pharmaceutical interventions, computerized systems, educational interventions, and others. The interventions analyzed showed good results and most of them helped reduce the number of prescriptions of potentially inappropriate medication to older patients. CONCLUSIONS: The systematic reviews included in this overview showed potential benefits of different interventions. However, it was not possible to determine the most effective intervention. Combined interventions are likely to provide better results than isolated interventions.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Identificar e avaliar criticamente revisões sistemáticas sobre a efetividade de intervenções para reduzir a prescrição de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados para pacientes idosos. MÉTODOS: Overview de revisões sistemáticas. A busca e a seleção dos estudos foram feitas nas bases de dados Medline, Biblioteca Cochrane, Embase, CINAHL, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Web of Science, combinando os termos aged, prescriptions, inappropriate prescribing e potentially inappropriate medication list com seus sinônimos remissivos e outros descritores associados até junho de 2017. Foram incluídas revisões sistemáticas com ou sem metanálise, que tenham abordado a efetividade de qualquer intervenção ou a combinação de intervenções para reduzir a prescrição de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados para pacientes idosos, sem restrição quanto ao desenho dos estudos primários, idioma ou data de publicação. Para avaliação da qualidade metodológica das revisões sistemáticas selecionadas, foi utilizado o instrumento A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews. A seleção e a avaliação da qualidade metodológica foram realizadas por dois avaliadores independentes. As divergências foram superadas por consenso. Os principais achados foram agrupados em categorias temáticas, definidas com base em análise de conteúdo e discutidas qualitativamente na forma de síntese narrativa. RESULTADOS: Vinte e quatro revisões sistemáticas foram incluídas no estudo. Quanto ao desenho do estudo e à avaliação da qualidade metodológica, prevaleceram revisões sistemáticas de ensaios clínicos controlados randomizados e estudos de qualidade moderada, respectivamente. As intervenções foram analisadas em cinco categorias temáticas: serviços de revisão de medicamentos, intervenções farmacêuticas, sistemas informatizados, intervenções educacionais e outras. As intervenções estudadas apresentaram bons resultados e a maioria contribuiu para reduzir a prescrição de medicamentos inapropriados para pacientes idosos. CONCLUSÕES: As revisões sistemáticas incluídas nesse overview apontaram benefícios potenciais de diferentes intervenções. No entanto, não foi possível determinar qual a mais efetiva. É provável que intervenções multifacetadas alcancem resultados melhores do que intervenções isoladas.